人类的种属（英汉对照）(3)
既然我们身边的每件东西都可以被归为某一类，那我们人类也应该被自然而然地归为某一类，尽管人与人之间在种族、体格、气质、教育、职业和成长环境等因素上存在诸多差异，但是科学家仍然试图通过观察和实验从有限的样本中抽象出一些具体的共性，也被称之为人性，（例如，激励机制能够强化人的行为，而惩罚机制则能弱化人的行为；所有人都渴望得到别人的尊重和认可，如果他总是被拒绝的话就会产生抑郁情绪并进而轻视自己；母爱是普遍存在的，几乎每一个母亲都将自己孩子的生命看得比自己还重，在必要时甚至能为了自己的心肝宝贝去死），并进而试图通过仅仅有限的几条准则就为政治家拟定出管理和控制全世界五十亿人口的政策。
The philosophers making reasonable assumptions on human nature throughout history are too numerous to mention, the following are the most important ones: Marx believed the essence of man is the sum total of all social relations; Freud regarded the nature of man as the primitive impulses and instinctive desires in the unconsciousness guided by happiness and satisfaction; Aristotle saw men as born political animals; Schopenhauer considered human nature as a kind of will to live; Christians believed that every human being is born with original sin, therefore the meaning of earthly life is to atone for it and reconcile with God. In spite of theories mentioned above, a school of thought holds that humans are not a species and thus by no means has a thing called the essence of man: if “the sum total of all social relations” can be seen as human nature, a solitary man is definitely not to be regarded as a human being; if “to win respect and approval from people around you” is deemed available to every man, how can you interpret a monk’s psychology? If, like Freud, you treat human and animal as equals and admit that every human being lives according to his instinctive desires, can you tell me why there are countless martyrs and ascetics through the ages?
The philosophers making reasonable assumptions on human nature throughout history are too numerous to mention, the following are the most important ones: Marx believed the essence of man is the sum total of all social relations; Freud regarded the nature of man as the primitive impulses and instinctive desires in the unconsciousness guided by happiness and satisfaction; Aristotle saw men as born political animals; Schopenhauer considered human nature as a kind of will to live; Christians believed that every human being is born with original sin, therefore the meaning of earthly life is to atone for it and reconcile with God. In spite of theories mentioned above, a school of thought holds that humans are not a species and thus by no means has a thing called the essence of man: if “the sum total of all social relations” can be seen as human nature, a solitary man is definitely not to be regarded as a human being; if “to win respect and approval from people around you” is deemed available to every man, how can you interpret a monk’s psychology? If, like Freud, you treat human and animal as equals and admit that every human being lives according to his instinctive desires, can you tell me why there are countless martyrs and ascetics through the ages?
大杂院的对照组文
