人类的种属（英汉对照）(7)

要说到人性，就不得不提集体主义，集体主义预设了人性，并以此为出发点，将它的条条框框无一例外地强加在身处其中的每个人身上，整个过程就好比是养猪，因为每只猪跟它的同类没有任何区别，因此只要饲养员仔细研究猪这个种属并依照此种属的本能和习性拟定计划，他就能照顾好其中的每一位成员，集体主义者会认为人类具备哪些天性呢？食欲、性欲、自尊心和安全感，尽管“纵欲会导致堕落和犯罪”是一个不争的事实，但是绝大多数有正常思维能力的人偏向于找份工作、用他们的双手创造财富并由此而得到任由自己支配的物质回报，有了钱一个人就能做任何自己想做的事。至于性欲嘛，一个人必须组建家庭并承担起抚养孩子的责任，性欲必须跟生育联系在一起，纯粹取乐的性欲是任何一个集体主义者所不提倡的。集体主义社会的运作模式正是建立在此种假设之上，如果你想被当作一个正常人并赢得周围人的尊重，你就必须将这些教条奉为金科玉律，否则你就会被当作异类而排斥出正常人的圈子。
In a sense, this hypothesis of human nature is an inextricable part of the enlightenment thoughts and Adam Smith’s classical economics. The eternal theme of the Enlightenment is reason and freedom. To react against the medieval philosophy that human desires are evil and everyone has to repent and abandon them, enlightening thinkers made an assumption that a portion of human desires are reasonable. It is deemed inadvisable only when a human being resorts to some illegal and immoral means to achieve them. In contrast, a man sells his labor for material reward by which he satisfy his needs is deemed acceptable. On the other hand, Adam Smith’s theory holds that in a state with perfect legal system, an egoistic human being who needs money for his wants has to find a job and contribute to the society, since there is no other means to get it legally. In this way, the more material rewards one gains, the more he contributes to the society. The nation will create maximum wealth as long as everyone within it is selfish, avaricious and find some legal way to fulfill it.