《源氏物语》中《末摘花》之章与平安时期的宫廷生活（上篇）

The Heian Period was a time of cultural expansion in Japan; during this time, many Heian court women began writing prose and poems in the newly created Japanese kana writing system. These women led sheltered lives; therefore, many of their works did not reflect historical or political events. Instead, the focus was on aesthetic imagery and courtly life. One of the greatest writers of this time was Murasaki Shikibu, author of The Tales of Genji. Through this work, we can examine the intricacies of court life, such as its culture and societal values. Using many works of prolific scholars on the subject, I will demonstrate how The Tales of Genji portrays an excellent picture of this lavish courtly lifestyle. Although the novel is a work of fiction, I argue that it provides an accurate, if a bit idealistic, version of Heian society and its values and customs. Further, I will add in my own analyses of the text regarding the importance and critical examination of this culture, adding to the literary theory. In particular, I will be giving critical focus to the chapter titled “Suetsumuhana” or “The Safflower.” Using the chapter, I will demonstrate, through opposites, how it reflects Heian ideals for judging character and how to act. Unlike many of Genji’s romantic partners, the safflower princess, or princess Hitachi, is an anomaly; due to her shyness, attachment to the past, and lack of understanding of societal graces, she comes across as a bizarre character to others in the novel. She does not possess the same refinement that the other women in the novel are described as having. It is these counter attributes shown through the safflower princess that will help us determine what the Heian culture valued and the overall aesthetic of the time period.